The U.S, Environmental Protection Agency identified Cr(VI) as one of the 17 chemicals posing the greatest threat to humans. Thus, authorities worldwide have stringent regulations for chromium species concentrations, especially Cr(VI). By contrast, Cr(VI) is highly soluble and, thus, mobile and biologically available in ecosystems. Compared with Cr(VI), Cr(III) is less toxic and can be more readily precipitated out of the solution in the form of Cr(OH) 3 it is also impermeable to biological membranes. The Cr(VI) concentration above a specific dose is toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Chromium generally exists in water in the following two oxidation forms: hexavalent and trivalent. Various industrial activities, such as steel production, leather tanning, agro-food production, wood preservation, and chemical manufacturing, generate wastewater containing Cr(VI). anthropi YC152 is a possible opportunistic pathogen. Thus, the developed MFC biosensor has potential as an early warning detection device for Cr(VI) determination even if O. The use of the biosensor can help in preventing the violation of effluent regulations and the maximum allowable concentration of Cr(VI) in water. The MFC biosensor is a simple device that can accurately measure Cr(VI) concentrations in drinking water, groundwater, and electroplating wastewater in 45 min with low deviations (<10%). Two satisfactory linear relationships were observed between the Cr(VI) concentration and voltage output for various Cr(VI) concentration ranges (0.0125–0.3 mg/L and 0.3–5 mg/L). The MFC voltage decreased as the Cr(VI) concentration in the MFC increased. The stable performance of the microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensor indicated its potential as a reliable biosensor system. anthropi YC152 exhibited high adaptability to pH, temperature, salinity, and water quality under anaerobic conditions. We used a microbial fuel cell-based biosensor inoculated with a facultatively anaerobic, Cr(VI)-reducing, and exoelectrogenic Ochrobactrum anthropi YC152 to determine the Cr(VI) concentration in water. Fast hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) determination is important for environmental risk and health-related considerations.
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