![]() ![]() The photosphere is the surface layer of the Sun, and the solar atmosphere includes the chromosphere and corona. The interior layer of the Sun includes the core, radiative zone, and convective zone. Temperatures rise very quickly in the transition region, from about 14,000 ☌ to more than a million degrees. A thin transition region forms the border between the chromosphere and the corona above it. Then, in the upper levels of the chromosphere, temperatures begin to climb, reaching tens of thousands of degrees. For the first couple hundred kilometers, the temperature drops from roughly 6,000 ☌ to about 4,000 ☌ (11,000 ☏ to 7,200 ☏). The temperature of the chromosphere varies in curious patterns as you travel up from the surface of the Sun. These looping arches of plasma rise up through the chromosphere into the corona. Solar prominences and filaments are some of the most common features of the solar atmosphere. Magnetic fields that form near the Sun’s surface extend upwards, throughout the chromosphere, releasing energy and stirring up the chromospheric plasma. ![]() Similar to the troposphere of our own planet Earth, the chromosphere is full of complex storms and other phenomena - though in the chromosphere the storms are made of plasma. Plasma Storms and Solar Phenomena Originate in the Chromosphere We can observe the chromosphere with special telescopes on satellites or during a solar eclipse. The chromosphere is normally hidden from our view its light is drowned out by the brilliance of the underlying photosphere. It extends for at least 2,000 km (1,200 mi.) above the surface. The chromosphere is a thin layer of plasma that lies between the Sun’s visible surface (the photosphere) and the corona (the Sun’s upper atmosphere). The chromosphere appears bright red because the hydrogen in the Sun emits a reddish-colored light at high temperatures. It was named after the Greek root chroma (meaning color). The lower region of the Sun's atmosphere is called the chromosphere. The colorful chromosphere is seen shining out around the edges of the Moon when viewed during a total solar eclipse, when the bright surface of the Sun is blocked. ![]()
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